To explore cause and effect.A tree can be used to explore cause and effect or problem and solution. The various elements of a tre…
To analyse who has the power to access and control different resources and who is denied this.The Access and Control Matrix encou…
To help groups assess services, facilities programmes or projects run by government, NGOs or other organisations, by grading them…
To explore relationships between things – particularly the relative importance, influence or power of people, organisations or gr…
To compare a set of issues and find out which is the most important to participants. Known as a pairwise or preference ranking ma…
To deepen analysis about how power relationships work at 3 different levels related to how we interact with the world: :personal …
To collect and present evidence about a programme or service. The Social Audit process uses partici…
To explore issues around health and sexuality, women’s rights and violence against women.Steps in the processDraw the outline of …
To help identify factors that might help or hinder you in your work or in your progress towards a goal. The stones represent thin…
To bring together a group of individuals with similar interests or experiences to explore a particular issue in a structured way.…
To explore the different activities that women and men do each day and how these contribute to the local economy.The tool asks pa…
To help participants to analyse the distribution of agricultural work / crops / illnesses / etc. over the year.Cross referencing …
To help participants to analyse how their time is used each day.The processDraw a daily timetable from sunrise to sunset.Ask part…
To analyse the state of a public service (e.g. education) and the impacts on local people, and to analyse and prioritise the most…
To support participants to develop a community action plan.Steps Community members develop action plans based on the solutions id…
To help understand the rights situation and of different groups in a community.In the example below the focus is on women's right…
To track changes or document the history of a community or organisation.By capturing the chronology of events as perceived and …
To explore the history of an individual, community or organisation. The characteristics of a river (its changing width, current a…
To help people explore how they might change their reality and rehearse possible actions. In forum theatre a play or scene, usual…
This is a bird’s eye view of a village that shows the demographic details and the social infrastructure available for the people …
To map spaces of power in a clear, visual way and presenting local information, problems and opportunities. A community map can b…
To present local information, problems and opportunities in a clear, visual way. A basic map of a local area can be overlaid with…
To uncover and facilitate a process of deeper analysis about different forms of power related to specific issue.Visible power: ob…
To help participants explore the unequal distribution of power amongst people. It can evoke many negative emotions among partici…
To track the flow of public resources through different levels of government. Information is gathered from the central, local and…
To look at shifts in different forms of power. The power flower tool provides a critical lens and a simple way to gather, consoli…
To share information about a budget in a clear and simple way. Budgets reports are often very long and written in complicated tec…
Citizens' voice is an approach to citizen journalism that can support the extension of communities’ capacity to pursue their own …
To facilitate critical analysis about shifts in ‘power within and power to’ with a focus on sensitive subjects such as sexual aut…
To identify the natural resources within a community and to discuss changes in the availability and quality of such resources. Na…
To show the different crops grown and / or livestock kept in a community.Steps in the processThe group may wish to begin the exer…
To share information about government or NGO projects and programmes.Transparency Boards are used to share information about proj…
To explore how households distribute their income to provide care.This tool focuses on how households earn and spend their income…
To explore power relationships between organisations and people, focusing on spaces of power (closed, invited, created).The chapa…
A transect walk is a systematic walk along a defined path (transect) across a community to explore conditions by observing, askin…
To enable citizens to submit anonymous complaints, suggestions or questions. Community suggestions boxes allow citizens to submit…
To prioritise issues identified by the community.After identification of all the problems, prioritisation of these is done throug…
To analyse issues and to rehearse speaking up in new situations or on different topics. Everyone has different roles in different…
To raise awareness or lobby on an issue. A group of people travelling together in procession often to raise awareness or lobby o…
To identify helpers and spoilers – people, organisations or events that might help or hinder your work. For a similar tool, adapt…
To discuss what the participants would like to see in their village in future and to prioritise amongst these.Steps in the proc…
Participants discuss what ‘VAT’ and ‘VAT exemptions’ are by looking at local products they have bought recently. Objecti…
To enable community members and other stakeholders to meet regularly to monitor progress towards agreed goals and are able to ide…
To introduce the idea of tax systems that help the poor (tax justice), to explore links between paying taxes and having services,…
To develop or evaluate an action plan.The image of a bridge over a river (or road) is used to show the steps taken from the past …
To review community or organisational costs related to a particular programme intervention or project and assess value for money.…
The facilitator uses a series of questions to three taxpayers (a teacher, a market vendor and a farmer) to introduce the idea of …
To identify people who can help you access duty bearers relevant to your advocacy or campaigning work.The processDraw up a table …
The idea of ‘tax’ is explored through a role play. Topics should be chosen according to their relevance to the local context, for…
Stickers or markers of three colours - red, yellow and green - are used to indicate safe, semi-safe and unsafe.StepsThe participa…
The relation between tax and public services is explored through a photo action.NB. This tool needs at least one camera or mobile…
Master suppression techniques can be used as an analytical tool to understand and analyze situations where unequal power position…
To assess the levels of change resulting from a programme or project. A stone dropped in water creates ripples outwards. This ima…
To help make sense of different processes or complex systems - to explore cause, effect and inter-connections.Flow charts can be …
The idea that tax-pays-for-education is explored through a school mapping activity.ObjectivesTo explore links between paying taxe…
Use pillars of power analysis tool to identify the institutions without whose support your target would collapse. It helps you st…
Participants explore tax problems at the market place, including the idea of ‘multiple taxation’, by collectively interviewing a …
The fact that big foreign companies are taking more from poor countries than they are giving is explored through the image of a b…
To explore how international campaigns can be grounded and linked to the local level.The tool can be used to review or evaluate a…
To rank issues according to their importance to the group. StepsIf you are working with a large group, subdivide the participants…
To set priorities after a discussion or a brainstorm.Steps in the processDivide the participants into small groups of 4-8 people.…
To analyse income and expenditure of an individual, household or organisation.Steps in the processIn this example we look at hous…
To explore where people go, for what reasons, the frequency of their visits, distances covered, and modes of transport used.Steps…
To explore how governments lose revenue through tax avoidance and corruption. This image of a leaking pot is used to support part…
A list of indicators for LRP staff to categorise and assess their gains on tax. This can be shared with community people too.Obje…
This tool has been developed to support community organizations, district platforms and local communities to follow the process o…
To identify areas in the community that are safe and unsafe for women.NB: This exercise should be facilitated by a trained traine…
To explore possible solutions to a particular issue or set of issues.StepsBased on the results of the ranking tool, ask participa…
To plan for action by marking key activities on a timeline or 'yardstick'.StepsMap each of the actions in your action plan along …
To show the different stages involved in a process, including details of who does what and the time or cost involved in the diffe…
A body map is used to look at the effects of not having public services on local people’s rights, especially women (and youth).Ob…
To explore the web of people and organisations that can support a person in a difficult situation and to identify what makes a he…
To explore the levels of trust in public services in a community.StepsFor all the issues identified previously in the process, as…
The image of a cow is used to explore the idea of tax collection.ObjectiveTo highlight the importance of fair tax collection (mor…
To identify safe and unsafe areas in a city or community.This exercise was designed as part of the Safe Cities Urban Book process…
To rank different items / issues against a set of criteria.Steps in the processHere we use the example of a criteria ranking of f…
To help identify actors that can support and share an individual's care work.The tool helps to introduce the idea that care is a …
To analyse the relative allocation of an individual or organisation's income on different categories of expenditure. It is a part…
To help make sense of a system, exploring the interdependence of different elements within it.A systems diagram may be used to de…
Movements seldom win by overpowering the opposition; they win by shifting support out from under it. Use a spectrum-of-allies ana…
To explore what happens to individuals and communities when care for people or for the environment is not provided. Participants…
To analyse income and expenditure over the year of an individual, household or organisation.Steps in the processIn this example w…
This tool was developed to support civil society organizations, citizens and civil servants in evaluating the performance of loca…
With this tool participants explore the concept of tax holidays in big companies by comparing it to the VAT tool or the tool of t…
To document issues, identifying who is impacted and how and who is responsible.This documentation tool was designed as part of th…